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Tax guides

Self Assessment for Doctors: Step-by-Step

Deadlines, documents and common mistakes. Expert UK guide for doctors from ICAEW-regulated accountants. Updated for 2026/27.

When is the doctors' tax return deadline?

Many self assessment for doctors: step-by-step must file a Self Assessment return: you need one if you have untaxed income such as private, locum or self-employed work. A high PAYE salary alone does not require Self Assessment for 2026/27; check HMRC's current criteria and any notice to file. The online filing and payment deadline is 31 January after the tax year ends. Under the non-MTD rules, late filing normally triggers an initial £100 penalty, with further penalties for longer delays. A different regime applies from the tax year you join MTD for Income Tax.

Fixed fees, specialist healthcare accountants, and every HMRC and NHS Pensions deadline handled.

  • Fixed monthly fee — no surprises
  • Specialist in NHS pension and healthcare tax
  • Onboarding within 48 hours
Get my fixed-fee quoteBook a free 15-min tax review
  • ICAEW & ACCA regulated
  • 5,000+ clients served by ACCOTAX
  • Specialist healthcare accountants

Reviewed by Waqas Sagar ACA FCCA FMAAT, Founder of ACCOTAX, 18+ years' experience · Last reviewed: 8 October 2026 · Updated for the 2026/27 tax year

Medical.Accountants by ACCOTAX, ICAEW/ACCA-regulated chartered accountants, London, serving clients across the UK. Over 5,000 clients served.

Key takeaways

  • The Self Assessment online deadline is 31 January after the end of the tax year, which is also when any balance and the first payment on account are due.
  • For 2026/27 the standard annual allowance is £60,000.

Free guide: The Doctor's Tax & NHS Pension Handbook 2026/27

Get the free guide

Which accountancy support fits your income?

Start with how you are paid. Different income sources can need different accounts, returns and expense checks.

How you workWhat we checkSupport to explore
Employed or umbrella (PAYE)Tax codes, eligible employment expenses and whether a tax return is needed.Healthcare tax refund support
Genuinely self-employedBusiness income and expenses, Self Assessment and MTD eligibility.Healthcare Self Assessment service
Your own limited companyCompany accounts, Corporation Tax, director income and off-payroll status where relevant.Healthcare limited company accounts
PartnershipPractice accounts, allocated profit and each partner’s personal tax position.Healthcare partnership accounts

Sound familiar?

Problems we fix for salaried and resident doctors

  • "I think I'm paying too much tax because of a wrong tax code."
  • "I've never claimed my GMC, BMA or royal college fees."
  • "My extra shifts and bank work are taxed wrongly."
  • "I don't know whether I need to file a tax return."
  • "I've received a pension annual allowance letter."

What it's costing you

Leaving it unfixed is rarely free

Overpaid tax
Unclaimed expenses and wrong tax codes mean paying more than you owe, year after year.
HMRC penalties and interest
Late returns attract automatic penalties, plus interest on tax paid late.
Lost evenings
Hours spent on forms, invoices and spreadsheets after a long shift.

General examples — your position depends on your own figures.

How we solve it

What we actually do for you

Refund claims

We claim back overpaid tax for up to four previous years.

Tax code checks

We check every employment and fix wrong codes with HMRC.

Self Assessment

Filed for you when you need one, and explained when you don't.

Pension statement review

We explain your annual allowance position in plain English.

How we help

01

Accounts and tax returns

Year-end accounts and Self Assessment or company returns for self assessment for doctors: step-by-step, filed on time.

02

Fixed-fee advice through the year

Questions answered by your named accountant, without the clock running.

03

Making Tax Digital

Compatible software set up and quarterly updates filed where MTD applies.

04

NHS pension tax

Annual allowance and taper calculations, with Scheme Pays guidance where a charge arises.

What to know before you decide

Who must file

This is one of the questions we work through with self assessment for doctors: step-by-step at the start of every engagement. We look at your real income, contracts and records, set out the options in plain English and confirm the work and fee in writing.

31 January deadline

The Self Assessment online deadline is 31 January after the end of the tax year, which is also when any balance and the first payment on account are due. A second payment on account is due on 31 July. Late filing starts with a £100 penalty.

Payments on account

This is one of the questions we work through with self assessment for doctors: step-by-step at the start of every engagement. We look at your real income, contracts and records, set out the options in plain English and confirm the work and fee in writing.

Self Assessment Tax Returns for Doctors & Healthcare Professionals

Pension charges on the return

For 2026/27 the standard annual allowance is £60,000. It tapers where threshold income exceeds £200,000 and adjusted income exceeds £260,000, by £1 for every £2, to a minimum of £10,000. NHS pension growth is measured as a defined benefit input, so a pay rise or promotion can trigger a charge without any extra contributions. We run the calculation before the year ends and explain Scheme Pays where a charge arises.

NHS Pension Tax & Annual Allowance for Doctors & Healthcare Professionals

Your questions answered

When is the Self Assessment deadline?

Many self assessment for doctors: step-by-step must file a Self Assessment return: you need one if you have untaxed income such as private, locum or self-employed work. A high PAYE salary alone does not require Self Assessment for 2026/27; check HMRC's current criteria and any notice to file. The online filing and payment deadline is 31 January after the tax year ends. Under the non-MTD rules, late filing normally triggers an initial £100 penalty, with further penalties for longer delays. A different regime applies from the tax year you join MTD for Income Tax.

Check the official guidance · www.gov.uk

Help with this question: Self Assessment Tax Returns for Doctors & Healthcare Professionals

Want us to check this for you? Get a free review →

What are the penalties for a late tax return?

Many self assessment for doctors: step-by-step must file a Self Assessment return: you need one if you have untaxed income such as private, locum or self-employed work. A high PAYE salary alone does not require Self Assessment for 2026/27; check HMRC's current criteria and any notice to file. The online filing and payment deadline is 31 January after the tax year ends. Under the non-MTD rules, late filing normally triggers an initial £100 penalty, with further penalties for longer delays. A different regime applies from the tax year you join MTD for Income Tax.

Check the official guidance · www.gov.ukCheck the official guidance · www.gov.uk

Help with this question: Self Assessment Tax Returns for Doctors & Healthcare Professionals

Help with this question: HMRC Enquiries, Penalties & Late Returns for Doctors & Healthcare Professionals

Want us to check this for you? Get a free review →

What are payments on account and when are they due?

Payments on account are two annual payments towards your tax bill if your self-employed liability exceeds a specific threshold. The first payment is due by 31 January and the second by 31 July. Each installment is normally half of the tax due for the prior year. Missing these deadlines can lead to interest charges from HMRC.

Check the official guidance · www.gov.uk

Help with this question: Self Assessment Tax Returns for Doctors & Healthcare Professionals

Want us to check this for you? Get a free review →

What documents do I need for my tax return?

Many self assessment for doctors: step-by-step must file a Self Assessment return: you need one if you have untaxed income such as private, locum or self-employed work. A high PAYE salary alone does not require Self Assessment for 2026/27; check HMRC's current criteria and any notice to file. The online filing and payment deadline is 31 January after the tax year ends. Under the non-MTD rules, late filing normally triggers an initial £100 penalty, with further penalties for longer delays. A different regime applies from the tax year you join MTD for Income Tax.

Check the official guidance · www.gov.uk

Help with this question: Self Assessment Tax Returns for Doctors & Healthcare Professionals

Want us to check this for you? Get a free review →

Is an umbrella company a good option for locum shifts?

An umbrella company employs you and runs your pay through PAYE, so income tax, employee and employer National Insurance and its margin all come out of the assignment rate. It suits short-term or inside-IR35 work. A limited company can be more efficient for genuinely outside-IR35 work, but has more admin. We compare both on your actual rates.

Help with this question: IR35 Reviews for Doctors & Healthcare Professionals

Want us to check this for you? Get a free review →

What happens if I cannot pay my tax bill on time?

Failing to pay your tax bill on time can result in interest charges and potential surcharges from HMRC. It is important to communicate with HMRC as soon as possible to discuss payment options. A £100 late filing penalty applies if the Self Assessment return is not submitted by 31 January. We assist clients in managing their tax deadlines.

Want us to check this for you? Get a free review →

What records should a locum keep for HMRC?

Locums must keep all invoices issued and evidence of all professional expenses incurred. You should maintain records of mileage, professional subscriptions, and any equipment purchases. Banks statements and NHS pension contribution records are also essential. HMRC requires these records to be kept for at least five years after the tax return deadline.

Check the official guidance · www.gov.ukWant us to check this for you? Get a free review →

How much tax does a locum doctor pay in the UK?

Self assessment for doctors: step-by-step pay income tax on taxable profit at 20%, 40% and 45%, plus Class 4 National Insurance on self-employed profit. Payments on account mean your first bill can include half of next year's tax too. Where income also comes from overseas, residence status and split year treatment decide what the UK taxes.

Want us to check this for you? Get a free review →

Should a locum doctor be a sole trader or a limited company?

A limited company can suit self assessment for doctors: step-by-step with substantial private or outside-IR35 income that is not all needed to live on, because profit is taxed at corporation tax rates and can be paid out over time. It brings extra accounts, payroll and filing costs, and NHS employment income cannot move into it. We model sole trader against limited company on your real figures first.

Help with this question: Limited Company Accounts & Corporation Tax for Doctors & Healthcare Professionals

Help with this question: Self Assessment Tax Returns for Doctors & Healthcare Professionals

Want us to check this for you? Get a free review →

Is locum work through an agency or trust bank inside IR35?

For locum engagements with NHS bodies, the hirer must decide IR35 status and issue a Status Determination Statement; the small-company exemption does not apply to public bodies. The test looks at control, substitution and mutuality of obligation in the actual working arrangement. You can ask the hirer to review a determination you disagree with, and it must respond within 45 days.

Help with this question: IR35 Reviews for Doctors & Healthcare Professionals

Want us to check this for you? Get a free review →

What documents do I need for my return?

You typically require P60s, P11D forms, interest certificates, and records of all business income and expenses. Medical.Accountants provides a tailored checklist based on your specific healthcare role. We will request these details during our onboarding process. Providing comprehensive documentation ensures your tax position is accurately calculated.

Want us to check this for you? Get a free review →

What are payments on account?

Payments on account are advance payments towards your next Self Assessment bill, normally due on 31 January and 31 July. Each is usually half the previous year’s relevant Income Tax and Class 4 National Insurance bill, excluding Capital Gains Tax and student loans. Exceptions apply where the bill is below £1,000 or over 80% was collected at source.

Check the official guidance · www.gov.uk

Help with this question: Self Assessment Tax Returns for Doctors & Healthcare Professionals

Want us to check this for you? Get a free review →

Can I amend a return after filing?

You can generally amend a Self Assessment return within 12 months of the 31 January filing deadline. This allows you to correct errors or include forgotten information. Medical.Accountants can assist in reviewing previous submissions to ensure accuracy. Tax refunds can be claimed for up to four previous tax years.

Check the official guidance · www.gov.ukWant us to check this for you? Get a free review →

Quick quote

See what you could save — get a fixed fee in one working day

Three fields. No obligation. A specialist replies, not a sales team.

Packages for your working life

Accountancy packages for doctors

Self-employed income, a limited company, PAYE or a mixture: start with the support that matches how you actually work. We check your status and agree the scope and fee before starting.

Self-employed accountants for doctors packages

For genuine sole-trader income. We prepare your business accounts and Self Assessment, review allowable expenses and explain payments on account.

  • Sole-trader accounts and personal tax return
  • Allowable business expenses reviewed
  • Tax reserve and payment deadline guidance
  • MTD support scoped separately where required

Fixed fee quoted after a review

Discuss this package

Limited company accountants for doctors packages

For clinicians working through their own company. Choose Essential/Compliance, Core/Complete or Growth according to your accounts, bookkeeping and payroll needs.

  • Statutory accounts and Corporation Tax return
  • One director return for salary and dividends from the same company
  • Confirmation statement support; filing fee extra
  • Bookkeeping, VAT and payroll according to your chosen plan

Company packages from £45.83 + VAT / month

Compare company packages

Personal tax return packages for doctors

For employed clinicians, partners and people with mixed income who need a return. We check whether Self Assessment is required and reconcile the relevant income, expenses and pension tax information.

  • Self Assessment requirement checked
  • PAYE and other income reconciled
  • Eligible employment expenses reviewed
  • Pension tax work agreed separately where needed

Fixed fee quoted after a review

Discuss this package

Employment status is determined by the facts, not the package you choose. PAYE, umbrella and partnership arrangements may also apply. A limited company does not override IR35 or off-payroll rules, and not every employed clinician needs a tax return.

Overpaid tax?

Tax refund support for doctors

We review tax codes, eligible professional expenses and overpaid tax, then prepare a claim where you qualify. A refund is not guaranteed; HMRC decides the claim.

£249 + VAT

For refunds up to £5,000, our fee is £249 plus VAT. For refunds above £5,000, add 5% of only the amount above £5,000 to the £249 fee. VAT applies to the total professional fee.

Example: a £6,000 refund means £249 + £50 = £299 plus VAT.

Professional fee, excluding VAT

£249

Ask about a tax refund

This illustrates the fee only, not whether you qualify or how much HMRC will refund. We agree the claim scope and payment terms before work starts.

What's included

Limited company packages — compare what's included

Essential/Compliance

For locums, salaried GPs and dentists with a limited company

from £45.83 + VAT /month

  • FRS 105 or FRS 102 1A statutory accounts
  • Corporation tax return (CT600) and tax computation
  • Confirmation statement preparation and filing support
  • One director Self Assessment return
  • Deadline reminders ahead of every filing date

Core/Complete

For private practice, consultants and associate dentists

from £62.50 + VAT /month

  • Everything in Essential/Compliance
  • Monthly bookkeeping and bank reconciliation
  • Quarterly Making Tax Digital VAT returns
  • Director payroll with RTI filing and pension submissions
  • Quarterly review call on numbers and tax position

Growth

For clinics, dental practices and growing medical teams

from £75.00 + VAT /month

  • Everything in Core/Complete
  • Payroll for up to five employees

Prices exclude VAT. Making Tax Digital quarterly updates available as an add-on. Compare fees

Why clinicians trust us

Chartered accountants who know the NHS

  • ACCOTAX has served over 5,000 clients.
  • Regulated chartered accountants (ICAEW and ACCA).
  • Founded by Waqas Sagar ACA FCCA FMAAT, with 18+ years' experience.

Reviewed by Waqas Sagar ACA FCCA FMAAT

Chartered accountant and founder of ACCOTAX. Last reviewed October 2026.

Get my fixed-fee quote

How it works

  1. 01

    Free call

    A 15-minute chat about your income, structure and deadlines.

  2. 02

    Onboarding in 48 hours

    We set up your records, software and HMRC agent access.

  3. 03

    We handle the rest

    HMRC, NHS Pensions and every deadline, with reminders before each one.

Free resource

Get the doctor expenses checklist free

Tell us where to send it and we'll email it to you.

Your questions, answered

When is the doctors' tax return deadline?
Many self assessment for doctors: step-by-step must file a Self Assessment return: you need one if you have untaxed income such as private, locum or self-employed work. A high PAYE salary alone does not require Self Assessment for 2026/27; check HMRC's current criteria and any notice to file. The online filing and payment deadline is 31 January after the tax year ends. Under the non-MTD rules, late filing normally triggers an initial £100 penalty, with further penalties for longer delays. A different regime applies from the tax year you join MTD for Income Tax.
What documents do doctors need?
It depends on your circumstances. Our team reviews your income, structure and records and confirms the right approach for self assessment for doctors: step-by-step in writing as part of your fixed-fee service.
How much does an accountant for doctors cost?
Our packages for self assessment for doctors: step-by-step start at £45.83 + VAT a month, with Core at £62.50 and Growth at £75 + VAT. The right package depends on your income sources, whether you trade through a company and any payroll, VAT or pension work. We confirm the exact fee in writing before any work begins, so there are no surprise invoices.
Do doctors need to comply with Making Tax Digital?
Making Tax Digital for Income Tax applies from 6 April 2026 to sole traders and landlords whose qualifying income (gross self-employment plus property income) is over £50,000, falling to £30,000 from April 2027 and £20,000 from April 2028. PAYE salary does not count. Self assessment for doctors: step-by-step trading through a limited company or a partnership are not brought in yet. We set up compatible software and file the quarterly updates for you.
How do I switch to Medical.Accountants?
Switching takes minutes on your side. You sign our engagement letter, we contact your previous accountant for professional clearance and records, and we take over HMRC and Companies House authorisations. You can switch mid-year; we pick up from the last filed return.

Speak to a specialist today

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Related healthcare expertise

IR35 Reviews for Doctors & Healthcare ProfessionalsNHS Pension Tax & Annual Allowance for Doctors & Healthcare ProfessionalsLimited Company Accounts & Corporation Tax for Doctors & Healthcare ProfessionalsAccountants for doctors and GPs in the UKLocum doctor accountants: tax, IR35 and NHS pensions
Accountants for healthcare professionalsHealthcare tax questions answered

General information for the 2026/27 tax year, prepared from the official guidance linked below. It is not personalised tax or regulated financial advice. Rules and circumstances can change; confirm your position before acting.

Official sources referred to on this page: HMRC Self Assessment deadlines and penalties (GOV.UK); HMRC Time to Pay; HMRC: Self Assessment & self-employment (GOV.UK); HMRC off-payroll working (IR35) guidance; NHSBSA: Pensions for locums; HMRC Making Tax Digital for Income Tax.

Official guidance

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